AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Study Guide

The significant problem associated with antibiotics is that bacteria can mutate and become resistant to them. Over time, the consistent use of antibiotics creates selective pressure on bacterial populations. This means that when exposed to antibiotics, some bacteria may survive due to random mutations that confer resistance. These resistant bacteria can multiply, leading to a population where the antibiotics are no longer effective. This phenomenon is a major concern in medicine as it can result in infections that are difficult to treat, requiring stronger or alternative medications that may have more severe side effects or be less effective.

This issue is compounded by the fact that antibiotics are often over-prescribed or incorrectly used, which accelerates the development of antibiotic resistance. It represents a significant challenge to public health globally, as increasing numbers of bacterial infections that were once easily treatable are now becoming more complicated to manage due to this resistance.

The other options do highlight important issues related to antibiotic use, such as ineffectiveness against viral infections, potential allergic reactions, and the impact on healthy body cells. However, none of these directly contribute to the long-term public health crisis posed by antibiotic resistance in bacteria, making the resistance issue particularly significant.